예슈아가 지저스가 된 이야기

예슈아가 지저스가 된 이야기

Jesus

첫 자음 J:

영어에서 Y 발음이 모두 J로 변한 것은, 사실은 영어 자체의 발음이 변했기 때문이라네요. 

고대 영어에서는 J가 Y로 발음되었답니다. 이 점은 독일어와 같죠.

그러다가 영어의 J발음이 바뀌면서 현재는 모두 ㅈ 으로 발음하는 현상이 굳어져 버렸습니다.

첫 모음 e:

모음도 원래는 '에'였고,

이 철자는 그리스어에 별도로 있었기 때문에 문제가 없었으나 후에 영어에서는 '이'로 바뀌게 되었답니다.  

예슈아가 지저스로 바뀐 것은 ... 꽤 많이 바뀐거죠.

참고로 예슈아라는 이름은 예수님 당시에는 시몬, 요셉, 유다, 유다 다음으로 많이 사용되었던 이름으로

 에리에셀과 거의 비슷한 정도로 많이 사용되었으며,

당시 남자들의 약 10분의 1은 예슈아라는 이름을 사용하고 있었다고 합니다.

둘째 자음 s:

슈의 'sh'발음이 's'가 된 이유는 그리스어에 'sh'를 표기할 문자가 없었기 때문이라고 하네요.

그래서 가장 가까운 그리스 문자인 시그마를 사용하는 바람에 s로 굳어졌다고 합니다.

둘째 모음 u:

슈의 모음인 '우'가 영어에서 '어'가 된 것은 영어식 발음의 문제구요.

영어에서는 u를 발음하는 방법이 여러가지지만 그 중에 '어'가 일반적인 발음이기 때문에 그렇게 된거죠.

끝 음 s:

히브리어에서는 예슈아의 아 이후의 발음에 강한 끝맺음이 있는데,

목젖을 수축시키고 혀를 뒤로 잡아 당기면서 내는 소리 (guttural) 라고 합니다. 

 (독일어의 ch, 예를 들어 Bach의 끝 음과 비슷다고 하네요). 이스라엘 사람들도 이 발음을 하기도 하고 안 하기도 한다는 군요. 

 공식적으로는 해야 하는 발음이라고 합니다. 이 발음 또한 그리스어에는 없었기 때문에 그냥 떼어 내는 것으로 되었답니다.

그렇다면 s 는 어디서 나온 것이냐? 그리스어에서는 남성의 이름 뒤에 통상 s, n, r 등의 자음이 온다고 합니다.

그래서 붙게 된 것이고, 이 방식은 니고데모, 유다, 나사로 (Nicodemus, Judas, Lazarus) 등에도 적용이 되게 되었습니다.

이런 걸 보면 한글의 예수는 영어의 지저스보다는 원어 원음에 훨씬 더 가깝습니다.

한걸음 더 나간다면 '예슈아'라고 하면 더 맞겠죠.

예슈아란 이름은 "주님의 구원" (The LORD's Salvation, or Salvation from the LORD) 이란 뜻을 지니고 있습니다.

인류의 구원으로 오신 분이니까 참 맞는 의미를 갖고 있는 이름입니다.  


이하: http://jesusisajew.org/YESHUA.php
  
How "Yeshua" Became "Jesus"

The first letter in the name Yeshua ("Jesus") is the yod. Yod represents the "Y" sound in Hebrew. Many names in the Bible that begin with yod are mispronounced by English speakers because the yod in these names was transliterated in English Bibles with the letter "J" rather than "Y". This came about because in early English the letter "J" was pronounced the way we pronounce "Y" today. All proper names in the Old Testament were transliterated into English according to their Hebrew pronunciation, but when English pronunciation shifted to what we know today, these transliterations were not altered. Thus, such Hebrew place names as ye-ru-sha-LA-yim, ye-ri-HO, and yar-DEN have become known to us as Jerusalem, Jericho, and Jordan; and Hebrew personal names such as yo-NA, yi-SHAI, and ye-SHU-a have become known to us as Jonah, Jesse, and Jesus.

The yod is the smallest letter of the alphabet, which is why Yeshua used it in His famous saying in Matt 5:18: "Until heaven and earth pass away not one yod ("iota" in the Greek text) or one kots will pass from the Torah." For emphasis, Yeshua incorporated in this saying a well-known Hebrew ｅxpression‎: lo' yod ve-LO' ko-TSO shel yod, "not a yod and not a 'thorn' of a yod," i.e., not the most insignificant and unimportant thing. When Yeshua declared that heaven and earth might sooner disappear than the smallest letter of the Hebrew alphabet, or the smallest stroke of a letter, He was simply saying that the Torah ("Law" or "Teaching") of Moses would never cease to be.

The second sound in Yeshua's name is called tse-RE, and is pronounced almost like the letter "e" in the word "net". Just as the "Y" sound of the first letter is mispronounced in today's English, so too the first vowel sound in "Jesus". Before the Hebrew name "Yeshua" was transliterated into English, it was first transliterated into Greek. There was no difficulty in transliterating the tse-RE sound since the ancient Greek language had an equivalent letter which represented this sound. And there was no real difficulty in transcribing this same first vowel into English. The translators of the earliest versions of the English Bible transliterated the tse-RE in Yeshua with an "e". Unfortunately, later English speakers guessed wrongly that this "e" should be pronounced as in "me," and thus the first syllable of the English version of Yeshua came to be pronounced "Jee" instead of "Yeh". It is this pronunciation which produced such euphemistic profanities as "Gee" and "Geez".

Since Yeshua is spelled "Jeshua" and not "Jesus" in most English versions of the Old Testament (for example in Ezra 2:2 and 2 Chronicles 31:15), one easily gets the impression that the name is never mentioned in the Hebrew Scriptures. Yet 'Yeshua' appears there twenty-nine times, and is the name of at least five different persons and one village in the southern part of Yehudah ("Judah").

In contrast to the early biblical period, there were relatively few different names in use among the Jewish population of the Land of Israel at the time of the Second Temple. The name Yeshua was one of the most common male names in that period, tied with Eleazer for fifth place behind Simon, Joseph, Judah, and John. Nearly one out of ten persons known from the period was named Yeshua.

The first sound of the second syllable of Yeshua is the "sh" sound. It is represented by the Hebrew letter shin. However Greek, like many other languages, has no "sh" sound. Instead, the closest approximation, the Greek sigma, was used when transcribing "Yeshua" as "Iesus". Translators of English versions of the New Testament transliterated the Greek transcription of a Hebrew name, instead of returning to the original Hebrew. This was doubly unfortunate, first because the "sh" sound exists in English, and second because in English the "s" sound can shift to the "z" sound, which is what happened in the case of the pronunciation of "Jesus".

The fourth sound one hears in the name Yeshua is the "u" sound, as in the word "true". Like the first three sounds, this also has come to be mispronounced but in this case it is not the fault of the translators. They transcribed this sound accurately, but English is not a phonetic language and "u" can be pronounced in more than one way. At some point the "u" in "Jesus" came to be pronounced as in "cut," and so we say "Jee-zuhs."

The "a" sound, as in the word "father," is the fifth sound in Jesus' name. It is followed by a guttural produced by contracting the lower throat muscles and retracting the tongue root- an unfamiliar task for English speakers. In an exception to the rule, the vowel sound "a" associated with the last letter "ayin" (the guttural) is pronounced before it, not after. While there is no equivalent in English or any other Indo-European language, it is somewhat similar to the last sound in the name of the composer, "Bach." In this position it is almost inaudible to the western ear. Some Israelis pronounce this last sound and some don't, depending on what part of the dispersion their families returned from. The Hebrew Language Academy, guardian of the purity of the language, has ruled that it should be sounded, and Israeli radio and television announcers are required to pronounce it correctly. There was no letter to represent them, and so these fifth and sixth sounds were dropped from the Greek transcription of "Yeshua," -the transcription from which the English "Jesus" is derived.

So where did the final "s" of "Jesus" come from? Masculine names in Greek ordinarily end with a consonant, usually with an "s" sound, and less frequently with an "n" or "r" sound. In the case of "Iesus," the Greeks added a sigma, the "s" sound, to close the word. The same is true for the names Nicodemus, Judas, Lazarus, and others.

English speakers make one further change from the original pronunciation of Jesus' name. English places the accent on "Je," rather than on "sus." For this reason, the "u" has shortened in its English pronunciation to "uh."

In the West, a child's name is often chosen for its pleasant sound, or because another family member had it. The Jews of the Second Temple period also named after relatives (Luke 1:59-63). However, almost all Jewish names have a literal meaning. Occasionally this is seen in English names too, such as Scott (a person from Scotland), Johnson (son of John), and Baker (bread maker). But with Hebrew names it is the rule, rather than the exception.

The name Yeshua literally means The LORD's Salvation, or Salvation from the LORD. In comparison, prior to being transliterated from the Hebrew Bible, the name Iesus did not exist in Greek. Through multiple translations and changes in pronunciation, a tradition of saying "Jesus" has obscured His name, "Yeshua." It has shifted His perceived message and identity from Hebrew to Greek.

Adapted from an article by David Biven with kind permission of Bridges for Peace

글쓴이 :   강환수